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Fabric 2
Contents
Fabric 是基于 SSH 协议的 Python 工具，相比传统的 ssh/scp 方式，用 Python 的语法写管理命令更易读也更容易扩展，管理单台或者多台机器犹如本地操作一般。
优点介绍：
- 加强版SSH
- 支持本地和远程操作
- 参数灵活
- 完整的日志输入
1. fab如何工作？
我要看n台机器的操作系统：
- 脚本
from fabric.api import run def host_type(): run('uname -s')
- 执行
(pythonenv)tiger:fabric local$ fab -H wiki,li3huo.com host_type [wiki] Executing task 'host_type' [wiki] run: uname -s [wiki] out: Linux [wiki] out: [li3huo.com] Executing task 'host_type' [li3huo.com] run: uname -s [li3huo.com] out: Linux [li3huo.com] out: Done. Disconnecting from wiki... done. Disconnecting from li3huo.com... done.
2. Quick Start
2.1. Installation
virtualenv /srv/fabric/pythonenv
source /srv/fabric/pythonenv/bin/activate
pip install fabric
ln -s /srv/fabric/pythonenv/bin/fab ~/app/bin/fab
Issue: pip install pycrypto, with error info below
src/MD2.c:31:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
fix by install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev
Issue: The read operation timed out(default is 15 seconds)
pip install fabric --timeout 1000
2.2. Writing fabfile.py
def hello(name="world"):
print("Hello %s!" % name)
$ fab hello:twotwo
Hello twotwo!
Done.
2.3. Fabric的执行
2.3.1. Defining host lists
from fabric.api import env
env.roledefs = {
'web': {
'hosts': ['www1', 'www2', 'www3'],
'foo': 'bar'
},
'dns': {
'hosts': ['ns1', 'ns2'],
'foo': 'baz'
}
}
2.3.2. Per-task
from fabric.api import hosts, run
@hosts('host1', 'host2')
def mytask():
run('ls /var/www')
my_hosts = ('host1', 'host2')
@hosts(my_hosts)
def mytask():
# ...
2.3.3. Combining host lists
from fabric.api import env, hosts, roles, run
env.roledefs = {'role1': ['b', 'c']}
@hosts('a', 'b')
@roles('role1')
def mytask():
run('ls /var/www')
2.4. 常用配置
env.host -- 主机ip，当然也可以-H参数指定
env.password -- 密码，打好通道的请无视
env.roledefs -- 角色分组，比如：{'web': ['x', 'y'], 'db': ['z']}
from fabric import env
env.hosts = ['user1@host1:port1', 'user2@host2.port2']
env.passwords = {'user1@host1:port1': 'password1', 'user2@host2.port2': 'password2'}
fab -l -- 显示可用的task（命令）
fab -H -- 指定host，支持多host逗号分开
fab -R -- 指定role，支持多个
fab -P -- 并发数，默认是串行
fab -w -- warn_only，默认是碰到异常直接abort退出
fab -f -- 指定入口文件，fab默认入口文件是：fabfile/fabfile.py
更多请参考：fab --help
2.5. Fabric API
fabric.operations: 最常用的函数
local('pwd') -- 执行本地命令 lcd('/tmp') -- 切换本地目录 cd('/tmp') -- 切换远程目录 run('uname -a') -- 执行远程命令 sudo('/etc/init.d/nginx start') -- 执行远程sudo，注意pty选项
3. fab usages
3.1. a deployment sample
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from fabric.api import local, cd, sudo
from fabric.api import put, get
from fabric.api import env, task, run
@task
@task
def deploy():
put('/srv/fabric/apache-jmeter-2.9.tar.gz','.') #put jmeter to remote:~
run('tar xzf apache-jmeter-2.9.tar.gz')
start()
"""
refer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14327649/cant-get-fabrics-detached-screen-session-example-to-work
"""
@task
def start():
run('screen -wipe', warn_only=True)
#run('screen -S jmeter -d -m apache-jmeter-2.9/bin/jmeter-server')
run('screen -S jmeter -d -m apache-jmeter-2.9/bin/jmeter-server; sleep 1')
run('screen -ls |grep jmeter', warn_only=True)
4. Cask
http://ksmx.me/blog/2013/10/05/homebrew-cask-cli-workflow-to-install-mac-applications/
Install
brew tap phinze/homebrew-cask && brew install brew-cask