Debian
Debian（/ˈdɛbiən/）是完全由自由软件组成的类UNIX操作系统，其包含的多数软件使用GNU通用公共许可协议授权，并由Debian计划的参与者组成团队对其进行打包、开发与维护。
Debian计划最初由伊恩·默多克于1993年发起，Debian 0.01版在1993年9月15日发布[6]，而其第一个稳定版本则在1996年发布。
该计划的具体工作在互联网上协调完成，由Debian计划领导人带领一个志愿者团队开展工作，并以三份奠基性质的文档作为工作指导：Debian社群契约、Debian宪章和Debian自由软件指导方针。操作系统版本定期进行更新，候选发布版本将在经历过一定时间的冻结之后进行发布。
作为最早的Linux发行版之一，Debian在创建之初便被定位为在GNU计划的精神指导下进行公开开发并自由发布的项目。该决定吸引自由软件基金会的注意与支持，他们为该项目提供从1994年11月至1995年11月为期一年的赞助。[8]赞助终止后，Debian计划创立非营利机构Software in the Public Interest以提供支持并令其持有Debian商标作为保护机构。Debian也接受世界多个非营利组织的资金支持。
1. 版本代号
The code names of Debian releases are names of characters from the Toy Story films.
- Debian 8, the old old stable, was named Jessie after the cowgirl in Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3.
- Debian 9, the current old stable, was named Stretch after the toy rubber octopus in Toy Story 3.
- Debian 10, the current stable, is named Buster, after the pet dachschund in Toy Story.
- Debian 11 will be called Bullseye, after Woody's horse.
- Debian 12 will be called Bookworm, after the intelligent worm toy with a built-in flash-light seen in Toy Story 3.
lsb_release -a: 查看当前发行版本
查看安装的软件的信息
$ dpkg -s bash |grep "Arch\|Ver"
2. System Management
2.1. Network Configuration
Refer Ubuntu Linux networking example、here
vi /etc/network/interfaces
then Restart Network Interface, with: /etc/init.d/networking restart
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet dhcp #use NAT in vbox setting
iface eth0 inet static
address 172.27.251.222
netmask 255.255.251.0
broadcast 172.27.251.255
gateway 172.27.251.254
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
dns-nameservers 172.27.233.100
# vbox host-only interface
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static #don't add gateway!
address 192.168.56.22
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.56.0
broadcast 192.168.56.255
2.2. apt-get
Unable to fetch some archives for old version
# vi /etc/apt/sources.list # rename link: :%s/us.archive.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g :%s/security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g :wq # apt-get update
Sources in china:
3. Ubuntu Tools